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[69.131.217.18]) by smtp.gmail.com with ESMTPSA id 00721157ae682-798c256f6dcsm10621827b3.29.2026.03.04.01.18.20 (version=TLS1_3 cipher=TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 bits=128/128); Wed, 04 Mar 2026 01:18:21 -0800 (PST) Message-ID: Date: Wed, 4 Mar 2026 04:18:16 -0500 MIME-Version: 1.0 User-Agent: Mozilla Thunderbird Subject: Re: virtio-msg inter-VM transport vs virtio-vhost-user To: Bertrand Marquis References: <08706B81-11D1-47DA-BC0B-756CF3705C69@arm.com> Content-Language: en-US From: Demi Marie Obenour Autocrypt: addr=demiobenour@gmail.com; keydata= xsFNBFp+A0oBEADffj6anl9/BHhUSxGTICeVl2tob7hPDdhHNgPR4C8xlYt5q49yB+l2nipd aq+4Gk6FZfqC825TKl7eRpUjMriwle4r3R0ydSIGcy4M6eb0IcxmuPYfbWpr/si88QKgyGSV Z7GeNW1UnzTdhYHuFlk8dBSmB1fzhEYEk0RcJqg4AKoq6/3/UorR+FaSuVwT7rqzGrTlscnT DlPWgRzrQ3jssesI7sZLm82E3pJSgaUoCdCOlL7MMPCJwI8JpPlBedRpe9tfVyfu3euTPLPx wcV3L/cfWPGSL4PofBtB8NUU6QwYiQ9Hzx4xOyn67zW73/G0Q2vPPRst8LBDqlxLjbtx/WLR 6h3nBc3eyuZ+q62HS1pJ5EvUT1vjyJ1ySrqtUXWQ4XlZyoEFUfpJxJoN0A9HCxmHGVckzTRl 5FMWo8TCniHynNXsBtDQbabt7aNEOaAJdE7to0AH3T/Bvwzcp0ZJtBk0EM6YeMLtotUut7h2 Bkg1b//r6bTBswMBXVJ5H44Qf0+eKeUg7whSC9qpYOzzrm7+0r9F5u3qF8ZTx55TJc2g656C 9a1P1MYVysLvkLvS4H+crmxA/i08Tc1h+x9RRvqba4lSzZ6/Tmt60DPM5Sc4R0nSm9BBff0N m0bSNRS8InXdO1Aq3362QKX2NOwcL5YaStwODNyZUqF7izjK4QARAQABzTxEZW1pIE1hcmll IE9iZW5vdXIgKGxvdmVyIG9mIGNvZGluZykgPGRlbWlvYmVub3VyQGdtYWlsLmNvbT7CwXgE EwECACIFAlp+A0oCGwMGCwkIBwMCBhUIAgkKCwQWAgMBAh4BAheAAAoJELKItV//nCLBhr8Q AK/xrb4wyi71xII2hkFBpT59ObLN+32FQT7R3lbZRjVFjc6yMUjOb1H/hJVxx+yo5gsSj5LS 9AwggioUSrcUKldfA/PKKai2mzTlUDxTcF3vKx6iMXKA6AqwAw4B57ZEJoMM6egm57TV19kz PMc879NV2nc6+elaKl+/kbVeD3qvBuEwsTe2Do3HAAdrfUG/j9erwIk6gha/Hp9yZlCnPTX+ VK+xifQqt8RtMqS5R/S8z0msJMI/ajNU03kFjOpqrYziv6OZLJ5cuKb3bZU5aoaRQRDzkFIR 6aqtFLTohTo20QywXwRa39uFaOT/0YMpNyel0kdOszFOykTEGI2u+kja35g9TkH90kkBTG+a EWttIht0Hy6YFmwjcAxisSakBuHnHuMSOiyRQLu43ej2+mDWgItLZ48Mu0C3IG1seeQDjEYP tqvyZ6bGkf2Vj+L6wLoLLIhRZxQOedqArIk/Sb2SzQYuxN44IDRt+3ZcDqsPppoKcxSyd1Ny 2tpvjYJXlfKmOYLhTWs8nwlAlSHX/c/jz/ywwf7eSvGknToo1Y0VpRtoxMaKW1nvH0OeCSVJ itfRP7YbiRVc2aNqWPCSgtqHAuVraBRbAFLKh9d2rKFB3BmynTUpc1BQLJP8+D5oNyb8Ts4x Xd3iV/uD8JLGJfYZIR7oGWFLP4uZ3tkneDfYzsFNBFp+A0oBEAC9ynZI9LU+uJkMeEJeJyQ/ 8VFkCJQPQZEsIGzOTlPnwvVna0AS86n2Z+rK7R/usYs5iJCZ55/JISWd8xD57ue0eB47bcJv VqGlObI2DEG8TwaW0O0duRhDgzMEL4t1KdRAepIESBEA/iPpI4gfUbVEIEQuqdqQyO4GAe+M kD0Hy5JH/0qgFmbaSegNTdQg5iqYjRZ3ttiswalql1/iSyv1WYeC1OAs+2BLOAT2NEggSiVO txEfgewsQtCWi8H1SoirakIfo45Hz0tk/Ad9ZWh2PvOGt97Ka85o4TLJxgJJqGEnqcFUZnJJ riwoaRIS8N2C8/nEM53jb1sH0gYddMU3QxY7dYNLIUrRKQeNkF30dK7V6JRH7pleRlf+wQcN fRAIUrNlatj9TxwivQrKnC9aIFFHEy/0mAgtrQShcMRmMgVlRoOA5B8RTulRLCmkafvwuhs6 dCxN0GNAORIVVFxjx9Vn7OqYPgwiofZ6SbEl0hgPyWBQvE85klFLZLoj7p+joDY1XNQztmfA rnJ9x+YV4igjWImINAZSlmEcYtd+xy3Li/8oeYDAqrsnrOjb+WvGhCykJk4urBog2LNtcyCj kTs7F+WeXGUo0NDhbd3Z6AyFfqeF7uJ3D5hlpX2nI9no/ugPrrTVoVZAgrrnNz0iZG2DVx46 x913pVKHl5mlYQARAQABwsFfBBgBAgAJBQJafgNKAhsMAAoJELKItV//nCLBwNIP/AiIHE8b oIqReFQyaMzxq6lE4YZCZNj65B/nkDOvodSiwfwjjVVE2V3iEzxMHbgyTCGA67+Bo/d5aQGj gn0TPtsGzelyQHipaUzEyrsceUGWYoKXYyVWKEfyh0cDfnd9diAm3VeNqchtcMpoehETH8fr RHnJdBcjf112PzQSdKC6kqU0Q196c4Vp5HDOQfNiDnTf7gZSj0BraHOByy9LEDCLhQiCmr+2 E0rW4tBtDAn2HkT9uf32ZGqJCn1O+2uVfFhGu6vPE5qkqrbSE8TG+03H8ecU2q50zgHWPdHM OBvy3EhzfAh2VmOSTcRK+tSUe/u3wdLRDPwv/DTzGI36Kgky9MsDC5gpIwNbOJP2G/q1wT1o Gkw4IXfWv2ufWiXqJ+k7HEi2N1sree7Dy9KBCqb+ca1vFhYPDJfhP75I/VnzHVssZ/rYZ9+5 1yDoUABoNdJNSGUYl+Yh9Pw9pE3Kt4EFzUlFZWbE4xKL/NPno+z4J9aWemLLszcYz/u3XnbO vUSQHSrmfOzX3cV4yfmjM5lewgSstoxGyTx2M8enslgdXhPthZlDnTnOT+C+OTsh8+m5tos8 HQjaPM01MKBiAqdPgksm1wu2DrrwUi6ChRVTUBcj6+/9IJ81H2P2gJk3Ls3AVIxIffLoY34E +MYSfkEjBz0E8CLOcAw7JIwAaeBT In-Reply-To: <08706B81-11D1-47DA-BC0B-756CF3705C69@arm.com> Content-Type: multipart/signed; micalg=pgp-sha256; protocol="application/pgp-signature"; boundary="------------fyJZ4HNxCijSIRcjCe2jlU5S" Message-ID-Hash: MPDRQW4AZSE4NAHR4FFSONLVWATY5Q3G X-Message-ID-Hash: MPDRQW4AZSE4NAHR4FFSONLVWATY5Q3G X-MailFrom: demiobenour@gmail.com X-Mailman-Rule-Misses: dmarc-mitigation; no-senders; approved; emergency; loop; banned-address; member-moderation; header-match-devel.spectrum-os.org-0; header-match-devel.spectrum-os.org-1; header-match-devel.spectrum-os.org-2; header-match-devel.spectrum-os.org-3; header-match-devel.spectrum-os.org-4; nonmember-moderation; administrivia; implicit-dest; max-recipients; max-size; news-moderation; no-subject; digests; suspicious-header CC: Alyssa Ross , Bo Chen , Rob Bradford , Wei Liu , Sebastien Boeuf , "qemu-devel@nongnu.org" , "dev@lists.cloudhypervisor.org" , Spectrum OS Development , "Michael S. Tsirkin" , Stefano Garzarella , =?UTF-8?Q?Alex_Benn=C3=A9e?= , Manos Pitsidianakis , =?UTF-8?Q?Marc-Andr=C3=A9_Lureau?= , "virtio-comment@lists.linux.dev" X-Mailman-Version: 3.3.9 Precedence: list List-Id: Patches and low-level development discussion Archived-At: <> List-Archive: <> List-Help: List-Owner: List-Post: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: This is an OpenPGP/MIME signed message (RFC 4880 and 3156) --------------fyJZ4HNxCijSIRcjCe2jlU5S Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="------------0sXAaGY505d4uoImswr0A905"; protected-headers="v1" Message-ID: Date: Wed, 4 Mar 2026 04:18:16 -0500 MIME-Version: 1.0 User-Agent: Mozilla Thunderbird Subject: Re: virtio-msg inter-VM transport vs virtio-vhost-user To: Bertrand Marquis Cc: Alyssa Ross , Bo Chen , Rob Bradford , Wei Liu , Sebastien Boeuf , "qemu-devel@nongnu.org" , "dev@lists.cloudhypervisor.org" , Spectrum OS Development , "Michael S. Tsirkin" , Stefano Garzarella , =?UTF-8?Q?Alex_Benn=C3=A9e?= , Manos Pitsidianakis , =?UTF-8?Q?Marc-Andr=C3=A9_Lureau?= , "virtio-comment@lists.linux.dev" References: <08706B81-11D1-47DA-BC0B-756CF3705C69@arm.com> Content-Language: en-US From: Demi Marie Obenour Autocrypt: addr=demiobenour@gmail.com; keydata= xsFNBFp+A0oBEADffj6anl9/BHhUSxGTICeVl2tob7hPDdhHNgPR4C8xlYt5q49yB+l2nipd aq+4Gk6FZfqC825TKl7eRpUjMriwle4r3R0ydSIGcy4M6eb0IcxmuPYfbWpr/si88QKgyGSV Z7GeNW1UnzTdhYHuFlk8dBSmB1fzhEYEk0RcJqg4AKoq6/3/UorR+FaSuVwT7rqzGrTlscnT DlPWgRzrQ3jssesI7sZLm82E3pJSgaUoCdCOlL7MMPCJwI8JpPlBedRpe9tfVyfu3euTPLPx wcV3L/cfWPGSL4PofBtB8NUU6QwYiQ9Hzx4xOyn67zW73/G0Q2vPPRst8LBDqlxLjbtx/WLR 6h3nBc3eyuZ+q62HS1pJ5EvUT1vjyJ1ySrqtUXWQ4XlZyoEFUfpJxJoN0A9HCxmHGVckzTRl 5FMWo8TCniHynNXsBtDQbabt7aNEOaAJdE7to0AH3T/Bvwzcp0ZJtBk0EM6YeMLtotUut7h2 Bkg1b//r6bTBswMBXVJ5H44Qf0+eKeUg7whSC9qpYOzzrm7+0r9F5u3qF8ZTx55TJc2g656C 9a1P1MYVysLvkLvS4H+crmxA/i08Tc1h+x9RRvqba4lSzZ6/Tmt60DPM5Sc4R0nSm9BBff0N m0bSNRS8InXdO1Aq3362QKX2NOwcL5YaStwODNyZUqF7izjK4QARAQABzTxEZW1pIE1hcmll IE9iZW5vdXIgKGxvdmVyIG9mIGNvZGluZykgPGRlbWlvYmVub3VyQGdtYWlsLmNvbT7CwXgE EwECACIFAlp+A0oCGwMGCwkIBwMCBhUIAgkKCwQWAgMBAh4BAheAAAoJELKItV//nCLBhr8Q AK/xrb4wyi71xII2hkFBpT59ObLN+32FQT7R3lbZRjVFjc6yMUjOb1H/hJVxx+yo5gsSj5LS 9AwggioUSrcUKldfA/PKKai2mzTlUDxTcF3vKx6iMXKA6AqwAw4B57ZEJoMM6egm57TV19kz PMc879NV2nc6+elaKl+/kbVeD3qvBuEwsTe2Do3HAAdrfUG/j9erwIk6gha/Hp9yZlCnPTX+ VK+xifQqt8RtMqS5R/S8z0msJMI/ajNU03kFjOpqrYziv6OZLJ5cuKb3bZU5aoaRQRDzkFIR 6aqtFLTohTo20QywXwRa39uFaOT/0YMpNyel0kdOszFOykTEGI2u+kja35g9TkH90kkBTG+a EWttIht0Hy6YFmwjcAxisSakBuHnHuMSOiyRQLu43ej2+mDWgItLZ48Mu0C3IG1seeQDjEYP tqvyZ6bGkf2Vj+L6wLoLLIhRZxQOedqArIk/Sb2SzQYuxN44IDRt+3ZcDqsPppoKcxSyd1Ny 2tpvjYJXlfKmOYLhTWs8nwlAlSHX/c/jz/ywwf7eSvGknToo1Y0VpRtoxMaKW1nvH0OeCSVJ itfRP7YbiRVc2aNqWPCSgtqHAuVraBRbAFLKh9d2rKFB3BmynTUpc1BQLJP8+D5oNyb8Ts4x Xd3iV/uD8JLGJfYZIR7oGWFLP4uZ3tkneDfYzsFNBFp+A0oBEAC9ynZI9LU+uJkMeEJeJyQ/ 8VFkCJQPQZEsIGzOTlPnwvVna0AS86n2Z+rK7R/usYs5iJCZ55/JISWd8xD57ue0eB47bcJv VqGlObI2DEG8TwaW0O0duRhDgzMEL4t1KdRAepIESBEA/iPpI4gfUbVEIEQuqdqQyO4GAe+M kD0Hy5JH/0qgFmbaSegNTdQg5iqYjRZ3ttiswalql1/iSyv1WYeC1OAs+2BLOAT2NEggSiVO txEfgewsQtCWi8H1SoirakIfo45Hz0tk/Ad9ZWh2PvOGt97Ka85o4TLJxgJJqGEnqcFUZnJJ riwoaRIS8N2C8/nEM53jb1sH0gYddMU3QxY7dYNLIUrRKQeNkF30dK7V6JRH7pleRlf+wQcN fRAIUrNlatj9TxwivQrKnC9aIFFHEy/0mAgtrQShcMRmMgVlRoOA5B8RTulRLCmkafvwuhs6 dCxN0GNAORIVVFxjx9Vn7OqYPgwiofZ6SbEl0hgPyWBQvE85klFLZLoj7p+joDY1XNQztmfA rnJ9x+YV4igjWImINAZSlmEcYtd+xy3Li/8oeYDAqrsnrOjb+WvGhCykJk4urBog2LNtcyCj kTs7F+WeXGUo0NDhbd3Z6AyFfqeF7uJ3D5hlpX2nI9no/ugPrrTVoVZAgrrnNz0iZG2DVx46 x913pVKHl5mlYQARAQABwsFfBBgBAgAJBQJafgNKAhsMAAoJELKItV//nCLBwNIP/AiIHE8b oIqReFQyaMzxq6lE4YZCZNj65B/nkDOvodSiwfwjjVVE2V3iEzxMHbgyTCGA67+Bo/d5aQGj gn0TPtsGzelyQHipaUzEyrsceUGWYoKXYyVWKEfyh0cDfnd9diAm3VeNqchtcMpoehETH8fr RHnJdBcjf112PzQSdKC6kqU0Q196c4Vp5HDOQfNiDnTf7gZSj0BraHOByy9LEDCLhQiCmr+2 E0rW4tBtDAn2HkT9uf32ZGqJCn1O+2uVfFhGu6vPE5qkqrbSE8TG+03H8ecU2q50zgHWPdHM OBvy3EhzfAh2VmOSTcRK+tSUe/u3wdLRDPwv/DTzGI36Kgky9MsDC5gpIwNbOJP2G/q1wT1o Gkw4IXfWv2ufWiXqJ+k7HEi2N1sree7Dy9KBCqb+ca1vFhYPDJfhP75I/VnzHVssZ/rYZ9+5 1yDoUABoNdJNSGUYl+Yh9Pw9pE3Kt4EFzUlFZWbE4xKL/NPno+z4J9aWemLLszcYz/u3XnbO vUSQHSrmfOzX3cV4yfmjM5lewgSstoxGyTx2M8enslgdXhPthZlDnTnOT+C+OTsh8+m5tos8 HQjaPM01MKBiAqdPgksm1wu2DrrwUi6ChRVTUBcj6+/9IJ81H2P2gJk3Ls3AVIxIffLoY34E +MYSfkEjBz0E8CLOcAw7JIwAaeBT In-Reply-To: <08706B81-11D1-47DA-BC0B-756CF3705C69@arm.com> Autocrypt-Gossip: addr=hi@alyssa.is; 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boundary="------------tcsakpxA0MpCzbRHyvgyy5gs" --------------tcsakpxA0MpCzbRHyvgyy5gs Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable On 3/4/26 03:26, Bertrand Marquis wrote: > Hi Demi, >=20 >> On 3 Mar 2026, at 18:56, Demi Marie Obenour wr= ote: >> >> Spectrum (https://spectrum-os.org) is going to be implementing >> virtio devices outside of the host. One proposed method of doing >> this is virtio-vhost-user, which is a virtio device that allows a >> VM to expose a vhost-user device to another VM. For instance, one >> could assign a NIC to one VM and have it provide a vhost-user-net >> device for use by a different VM. >> >> I brought this up on the KVM/QEMU community call today. Alex Benn=C3=A9= e >> recommended using virtio-msg instead. However, I have a few concerns >> with this: >> >> 1. Virtio-msg buses are specific to a given hypervisor or (in the >> case of FF-A) to a given CPU architecture. None of the current >> buses support KVM on platforms other than Arm64. Therefore, >> a brand-new bus would be needed. >=20 > Even FF-A is not useable at the moment with KVM as there is no FF-A > support for VM to VM in KVM (only host can communicate with the secure > world). Ah, I thought that pKVM had pVM <=3D> pVM communication implemented. > MMIO or PCI based virtio in KVM case is working and was not really > the target of our work. >=20 > pKVM is a target and is being worked on using FF-A but pVM to Host > virtio is still using PCI at the moment Makes sense. Does that involve any confidential computing-specific code in the PCI subsystem, or has the subsystem as a whole been hardened against malicious devices? That matters for some of my use-cases, where a device may be present but not authorized for use. It's supposed to be passed through to a VM. > Now creating a KVM specific bus reusing the concept of a FIFO > to transfer the messages between a VM and Host is definitely possible > to do and should not be that complex. Can you give a rough estimate of how much code you are referring to? > Right now i am working on backend implementation where: > - the bus implementation would be in linux kernel allowing several > implementations like FF-A, xen or others to be done as linux drivers. What is the advantage of having the bus implementation in the kernel as opposed to userspace? Is it because the bus implementation is responsible for protecting the kernel from malicious userspace? In case you can't tell already, I'm a fan of microkernels :). > - have a bus interface provided to user land so that Qemu could contain= > the transport implementation but would not need to be modified for new > bus implementations. >=20 > Reusing this, it should be fairly simple to define a KVM bus and reuse > the other parts of the implementations. How long do you think it will be before this could be included in upstream, mainline Linux? I imagine this would need to wait for your existing virtio-msg work to be upstreamed, and then I would need to upstream a separate driver and spec. >> 2. Virtio-msg requires not-yet-upstream drivers in both the frontend >> (the VM using the device) and the backend (the VM providing the >> device). Vhost-user uses any of the existing transports, such as >> PCI or MMIO. This means that upstream drivers can be used in the >> frontend, and also enables supports for Windows and other guests >> that lack support for virtio-msg. >=20 > This is definitely true and will always stay true. To use virtio-msg yo= u > will need a new transport implementation for it when you want to use > it and the bus implementation(s) you require. To be used in windows > those part will also be needed. >=20 > In your example here you rely on existing MMIO or PCI transport and > existing vhost implementations. This is definitely quicker to do and us= e. > The goal is not replace what works but to provide solutions for use cas= es > where MMIO or PCI currently do not work or need to be optimized. My use-case doesn't have the same restrictions, as long as config space access is rare and denial of service is not a concern. >> 3. Vhost-user is already widely deployed, so frontend implementations >> are quite well tested. A KVM-specific virtio-msg transport would >> serve only one purpose: driver VMs (with assigned devices) on >> non-Arm64 platforms. This is a quite niche use-case. Therefore, >> I'm concerned that the needed frontend code will be poorly tested >> and bitrot. >=20 > We are in the process of defining the specification for virtio-msg and = we > are working on implementations in parallel so our implementations are > for now not widely tested that is clear. > Now a specific KVM virtio message bus implementation would reuse > the transport and driver implementations which would be used on any > platforms in the future. I am not following your niche use-case here > and the poorly tested argument. Maybe i am missing something. >=20 >> >> Manos Pitsidianakis stated that vhost-user does not make sense in >> this case. Why is that? Would it make sense to use virtio-msg >> between VMM and its VM, and expose a vhost-user device to the >> outside world? What about having the virtio-vhost-user guest driver >> emulate a virtio-msg transport, so that it can be used with any device= >> implementation supporting virtio-msg? >=20 > I am not following your point here. You want to do virtio on top of vir= tio ? Yes, actually! More specifically, I want to use a virtio device in one VM to implement a virtio device for a different VM. To avoid confusion, and to match Xen terminology, I'll call the userspace VMM that acts as a vhost-user server the *backend* VMM. The *frontend* VMM is the one that acts as a vhost-user client, and is completely unaware that anything special is happening in the backend. A virtio vhost-user device is a virtio device that acts as a vhost-user server. For each vhost-user device it wants its guest to implement, a VMM listens on a AF_UNIX socket, just like any other userspace process would. It then creates a virtio device in this guest, with type *vhost-user device backend*. This device has a single virtqueue, and vhost-user messages are forwarded between that virtqueue and the AF_UNIX socket. The backend VMM needs to handle ancillary data specially. For instance, memory that it mmap's is placed in a PCI BAR that is accessible to the guest, much like a virtio-GPU blob object. Vring kick file descriptors are registered with the kernel as irqfds, so when the frontend signals them, the backend VM receives an interrupt. Vring call, error, and log file descriptors are registered with the kernel as ioeventfds, so that the backend VM can trigger them by MMIO writes. It also registers and unregisters irqfds in response to interrupts being unmasked and masked. After everything has been set up, the backend VMM is *not* involved in performance-critical operations. The vhost-user shared memory regions are mapped into its address space, so it can access them just like any other memory. Writing to an ioeventfd in the frontend VM causes KVM to trigger an interrupt in the backend VM and visa versa. I expect that performance should be almost as good as a vhost-user device implemented in userspace, but with the full isolation guarantees of a VM. https://stefanha.github.io/virtio/vhost-user-slave.html has the spec I am currently using. It does a much better job explaining things. --=20 Sincerely, Demi Marie Obenour (she/her/hers) --------------tcsakpxA0MpCzbRHyvgyy5gs Content-Type: application/pgp-keys; name="OpenPGP_0xB288B55FFF9C22C1.asc" Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="OpenPGP_0xB288B55FFF9C22C1.asc" Content-Description: OpenPGP public key Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable -----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK----- xsFNBFp+A0oBEADffj6anl9/BHhUSxGTICeVl2tob7hPDdhHNgPR4C8xlYt5q49y B+l2nipdaq+4Gk6FZfqC825TKl7eRpUjMriwle4r3R0ydSIGcy4M6eb0IcxmuPYf bWpr/si88QKgyGSVZ7GeNW1UnzTdhYHuFlk8dBSmB1fzhEYEk0RcJqg4AKoq6/3/ UorR+FaSuVwT7rqzGrTlscnTDlPWgRzrQ3jssesI7sZLm82E3pJSgaUoCdCOlL7M MPCJwI8JpPlBedRpe9tfVyfu3euTPLPxwcV3L/cfWPGSL4PofBtB8NUU6QwYiQ9H zx4xOyn67zW73/G0Q2vPPRst8LBDqlxLjbtx/WLR6h3nBc3eyuZ+q62HS1pJ5EvU T1vjyJ1ySrqtUXWQ4XlZyoEFUfpJxJoN0A9HCxmHGVckzTRl5FMWo8TCniHynNXs BtDQbabt7aNEOaAJdE7to0AH3T/Bvwzcp0ZJtBk0EM6YeMLtotUut7h2Bkg1b//r 6bTBswMBXVJ5H44Qf0+eKeUg7whSC9qpYOzzrm7+0r9F5u3qF8ZTx55TJc2g656C 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SIGNATURE----- iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEopQtqVJW1aeuo9/sszaHOrMp8lMFAmmn+NgACgkQszaHOrMp 8lOCtg//R/dfOFLPkjZ2VpNIUEdUcl+5duWAGDqAguabRzoKD6JR+XmtZ0xVdw5s vW57+M6d4mQBCYaQpfifMoUx14dewbc4jFgRkmI//guL5pB4S1nWrdqt9hcLv4E8 pGGuklT/LnLh3Ojf3Sb/dCqQqC5zv2cSYzQv7LDLEPn3f167W4qGc4GiW/NcRg6K DfUdUCH+DVYuEteVl0gnqNPZeDE9Lz/MxgHoQ+Nro04cok0v3Pq3oPJ3RR6Uwr8R Xz8iCEmkMPxUCL7seSKMboFXQdRtPS2DnQMvfJc5jv4zkGkJ1A3MB+wJReer1YNj x+IMfHhQpaS7iMgL6o+wwyCtc/IXg4vIatamu8BSUZESmnqI01V4WEP45lsu2mr9 TTe2fE5Nee4mrQbfvRotpO6CpRPA5lePVOGNtl3RbLV1mbJG2xmTDXCE/90GBdwi FL7MbfEHuJLFiHai+llROag4hs01EaAn00DJ1GB17uDgQixV14yCEMBVs5GfFkry +ASjlRRTWzJDDI736IyYd1n88rc3819uPtXiPKjphc64cKCd1poFfN1/a5TS62vf fAXWjE+Vx+CKFgOP6lAAC+e7O0LHKqJcXXqBEyafPs/WeeQyhva+c4gxi07YuFhQ ijgm3qBTTglD4PcqG+N1ceYGobG81ZG1P3SQ4S2XYSrRa29Bnkk= =Jwpy -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- --------------fyJZ4HNxCijSIRcjCe2jlU5S--