From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 Received: from atuin.qyliss.net (localhost [IPv6:::1]) by atuin.qyliss.net (Postfix) with ESMTP id 276851BDBA; Wed, 04 Jun 2025 03:39:09 +0000 (UTC) Received: by atuin.qyliss.net (Postfix, from userid 993) id 3191B1BD3D; Wed, 04 Jun 2025 03:39:05 +0000 (UTC) X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 4.0.1 (2024-03-26) on atuin.qyliss.net X-Spam-Level: X-Spam-Status: No, score=-0.1 required=5.0 tests=DKIM_SIGNED,DKIM_VALID, DKIM_VALID_AU,DMARC_PASS,FREEMAIL_FROM,RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE, SPF_HELO_NONE autolearn=unavailable autolearn_force=no version=4.0.1 Received: from mail-qt1-x82b.google.com (mail-qt1-x82b.google.com [IPv6:2607:f8b0:4864:20::82b]) by atuin.qyliss.net (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 847FB1BD3B for ; Wed, 04 Jun 2025 03:39:03 +0000 (UTC) Received: by mail-qt1-x82b.google.com with SMTP id d75a77b69052e-4a43cbc1ab0so74095051cf.0 for ; Tue, 03 Jun 2025 20:39:03 -0700 (PDT) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=gmail.com; s=20230601; t=1749008340; x=1749613140; darn=spectrum-os.org; h=subject:autocrypt:from:cc:to:content-language:user-agent :mime-version:date:message-id:from:to:cc:subject:date:message-id :reply-to; bh=8xd/U5vWdzv7c11JKzu8LB/PWDeG8g1y0ewkz75hVQI=; b=TCSo9ftXIVjZTrXLv0Jf/WZSKsVG+OPkutUFxSvs+RSLvKU3E6ztXAyluriPkJfcw4 PrGA2rl4HGQ/lK3E/nb8xuz3E+TdQzV6+Ppvj63fRaiZQeZ5AF8+j/t1XBFYbQ1GyKL/ 8nshNmZR4t6ek9nUWn4RtIgusEC1fx/id55K0ztcQVcLnbOoUNtnefnZO3sxwRLlKcgI ZDQRY6oxY/QFXgXS4gI6H/LjMA2ABpBbpItxDSvaMUid6di1J/yZegl3Bp8kxblR/0Qg zfcGsTqB2SjeENJ47wPs3a/XSPr6VlhiRpp+znYDS7WV5W/c3Lecisbnklygo4rQZ7AZ FvTQ== X-Google-DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=1e100.net; s=20230601; t=1749008340; x=1749613140; h=subject:autocrypt:from:cc:to:content-language:user-agent :mime-version:date:message-id:x-gm-message-state:from:to:cc:subject :date:message-id:reply-to; bh=8xd/U5vWdzv7c11JKzu8LB/PWDeG8g1y0ewkz75hVQI=; b=gVWzMW0IPGr9yM7VBQXEjqM3Z+qv3bb5scb4KLDgWE1/3XZfHV3RBUzC6vcCh3rInZ crP0L8/VkY8H0eeqK5wNCF3sTIzQV8/1YsI5z29OwV0rj6P4X6oGC8FbO7/DL+ECADKl qrLioZjYxwQOdekaqkJtz10pjinf7kNr7+DP7z91HjkTuPxpUWaJadxWGQepfj/OlGj0 qYzQXoJGutvN2VIf40e9+tB3IeYzUWqE1HLOkPYghNuKQMUpe8gqCDzifWUDb9vC0KcE wwti2gbgNcQaH0sP3X0Pvgx2iE848/228fz42E0IwkOy0Q2BUHAcWD+30A7btCXBu3Fc DpRw== X-Gm-Message-State: AOJu0YyS9Ux1iF0/jAy5UWyplHoU8SiVTXw8s1sL2y2GLJvCIaBegzfq n1HDDBQhTW6YAXgZjAfq2K50L2mseES2Bo4Y7SWQNNlv/2iPc++CrNFCxINDhw== X-Gm-Gg: ASbGnctf+oAf1mZIsDRWKvksIP8v1fH9Kly2Swy5jFUGpouS4RyrYIvtVEg3mkNdYUU YpWc3Qy3VJZvgdo817aaoq7j8APd+au/rVZc6T/ixU49tx8B9j2aTVDQg0GnepSq0UP9areg3Mr t6UVfmx/voFwGkEIGJJgqqva7LBLxZXtPR29bFwD1y3gVei4DuRW1HfR6LX+WjwkVOUgLYS7+Qg 8PMiN9ihMyLkrDfU7Y2jLrXLhs8UR6yY3RcPJYCJrTSgPLaB8vPm3IAoJMwYD+WSPUan53qqghL uXlWfbko+FC3hl9oRS9u1quRsAzpgG43sD1/MAbLkbNXcZ4qYwzqQR8P X-Google-Smtp-Source: AGHT+IEE7VfsM1aoioGq7lgW5mDFxIjp5EOQihBLeEZER9L8CLa9iOxZnjKSvZ6YzU7WpspS7e+E2Q== X-Received: by 2002:a05:622a:5a18:b0:4a3:adbd:9836 with SMTP id d75a77b69052e-4a5a5873494mr20399181cf.36.1749008340575; Tue, 03 Jun 2025 20:39:00 -0700 (PDT) Received: from [10.138.10.6] ([89.187.178.201]) by smtp.gmail.com with ESMTPSA id d75a77b69052e-4a5a9230355sm404431cf.76.2025.06.03.20.38.57 (version=TLS1_3 cipher=TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 bits=128/128); Tue, 03 Jun 2025 20:38:59 -0700 (PDT) Message-ID: Date: Tue, 3 Jun 2025 23:38:26 -0400 MIME-Version: 1.0 User-Agent: Mozilla Thunderbird Content-Language: en-US To: devel@spectrum-os.org From: Demi Marie Obenour Autocrypt: addr=demiobenour@gmail.com; keydata= xsFNBFp+A0oBEADffj6anl9/BHhUSxGTICeVl2tob7hPDdhHNgPR4C8xlYt5q49yB+l2nipd aq+4Gk6FZfqC825TKl7eRpUjMriwle4r3R0ydSIGcy4M6eb0IcxmuPYfbWpr/si88QKgyGSV Z7GeNW1UnzTdhYHuFlk8dBSmB1fzhEYEk0RcJqg4AKoq6/3/UorR+FaSuVwT7rqzGrTlscnT DlPWgRzrQ3jssesI7sZLm82E3pJSgaUoCdCOlL7MMPCJwI8JpPlBedRpe9tfVyfu3euTPLPx wcV3L/cfWPGSL4PofBtB8NUU6QwYiQ9Hzx4xOyn67zW73/G0Q2vPPRst8LBDqlxLjbtx/WLR 6h3nBc3eyuZ+q62HS1pJ5EvUT1vjyJ1ySrqtUXWQ4XlZyoEFUfpJxJoN0A9HCxmHGVckzTRl 5FMWo8TCniHynNXsBtDQbabt7aNEOaAJdE7to0AH3T/Bvwzcp0ZJtBk0EM6YeMLtotUut7h2 Bkg1b//r6bTBswMBXVJ5H44Qf0+eKeUg7whSC9qpYOzzrm7+0r9F5u3qF8ZTx55TJc2g656C 9a1P1MYVysLvkLvS4H+crmxA/i08Tc1h+x9RRvqba4lSzZ6/Tmt60DPM5Sc4R0nSm9BBff0N m0bSNRS8InXdO1Aq3362QKX2NOwcL5YaStwODNyZUqF7izjK4QARAQABzTxEZW1pIE1hcmll IE9iZW5vdXIgKGxvdmVyIG9mIGNvZGluZykgPGRlbWlvYmVub3VyQGdtYWlsLmNvbT7CwXgE EwECACIFAlp+A0oCGwMGCwkIBwMCBhUIAgkKCwQWAgMBAh4BAheAAAoJELKItV//nCLBhr8Q AK/xrb4wyi71xII2hkFBpT59ObLN+32FQT7R3lbZRjVFjc6yMUjOb1H/hJVxx+yo5gsSj5LS 9AwggioUSrcUKldfA/PKKai2mzTlUDxTcF3vKx6iMXKA6AqwAw4B57ZEJoMM6egm57TV19kz PMc879NV2nc6+elaKl+/kbVeD3qvBuEwsTe2Do3HAAdrfUG/j9erwIk6gha/Hp9yZlCnPTX+ VK+xifQqt8RtMqS5R/S8z0msJMI/ajNU03kFjOpqrYziv6OZLJ5cuKb3bZU5aoaRQRDzkFIR 6aqtFLTohTo20QywXwRa39uFaOT/0YMpNyel0kdOszFOykTEGI2u+kja35g9TkH90kkBTG+a EWttIht0Hy6YFmwjcAxisSakBuHnHuMSOiyRQLu43ej2+mDWgItLZ48Mu0C3IG1seeQDjEYP tqvyZ6bGkf2Vj+L6wLoLLIhRZxQOedqArIk/Sb2SzQYuxN44IDRt+3ZcDqsPppoKcxSyd1Ny 2tpvjYJXlfKmOYLhTWs8nwlAlSHX/c/jz/ywwf7eSvGknToo1Y0VpRtoxMaKW1nvH0OeCSVJ itfRP7YbiRVc2aNqWPCSgtqHAuVraBRbAFLKh9d2rKFB3BmynTUpc1BQLJP8+D5oNyb8Ts4x Xd3iV/uD8JLGJfYZIR7oGWFLP4uZ3tkneDfYzsFNBFp+A0oBEAC9ynZI9LU+uJkMeEJeJyQ/ 8VFkCJQPQZEsIGzOTlPnwvVna0AS86n2Z+rK7R/usYs5iJCZ55/JISWd8xD57ue0eB47bcJv VqGlObI2DEG8TwaW0O0duRhDgzMEL4t1KdRAepIESBEA/iPpI4gfUbVEIEQuqdqQyO4GAe+M kD0Hy5JH/0qgFmbaSegNTdQg5iqYjRZ3ttiswalql1/iSyv1WYeC1OAs+2BLOAT2NEggSiVO txEfgewsQtCWi8H1SoirakIfo45Hz0tk/Ad9ZWh2PvOGt97Ka85o4TLJxgJJqGEnqcFUZnJJ riwoaRIS8N2C8/nEM53jb1sH0gYddMU3QxY7dYNLIUrRKQeNkF30dK7V6JRH7pleRlf+wQcN fRAIUrNlatj9TxwivQrKnC9aIFFHEy/0mAgtrQShcMRmMgVlRoOA5B8RTulRLCmkafvwuhs6 dCxN0GNAORIVVFxjx9Vn7OqYPgwiofZ6SbEl0hgPyWBQvE85klFLZLoj7p+joDY1XNQztmfA rnJ9x+YV4igjWImINAZSlmEcYtd+xy3Li/8oeYDAqrsnrOjb+WvGhCykJk4urBog2LNtcyCj kTs7F+WeXGUo0NDhbd3Z6AyFfqeF7uJ3D5hlpX2nI9no/ugPrrTVoVZAgrrnNz0iZG2DVx46 x913pVKHl5mlYQARAQABwsFfBBgBAgAJBQJafgNKAhsMAAoJELKItV//nCLBwNIP/AiIHE8b oIqReFQyaMzxq6lE4YZCZNj65B/nkDOvodSiwfwjjVVE2V3iEzxMHbgyTCGA67+Bo/d5aQGj gn0TPtsGzelyQHipaUzEyrsceUGWYoKXYyVWKEfyh0cDfnd9diAm3VeNqchtcMpoehETH8fr RHnJdBcjf112PzQSdKC6kqU0Q196c4Vp5HDOQfNiDnTf7gZSj0BraHOByy9LEDCLhQiCmr+2 E0rW4tBtDAn2HkT9uf32ZGqJCn1O+2uVfFhGu6vPE5qkqrbSE8TG+03H8ecU2q50zgHWPdHM OBvy3EhzfAh2VmOSTcRK+tSUe/u3wdLRDPwv/DTzGI36Kgky9MsDC5gpIwNbOJP2G/q1wT1o Gkw4IXfWv2ufWiXqJ+k7HEi2N1sree7Dy9KBCqb+ca1vFhYPDJfhP75I/VnzHVssZ/rYZ9+5 1yDoUABoNdJNSGUYl+Yh9Pw9pE3Kt4EFzUlFZWbE4xKL/NPno+z4J9aWemLLszcYz/u3XnbO vUSQHSrmfOzX3cV4yfmjM5lewgSstoxGyTx2M8enslgdXhPthZlDnTnOT+C+OTsh8+m5tos8 HQjaPM01MKBiAqdPgksm1wu2DrrwUi6ChRVTUBcj6+/9IJ81H2P2gJk3Ls3AVIxIffLoY34E +MYSfkEjBz0E8CLOcAw7JIwAaeBT Subject: Camera virtualization in Spectrum Content-Type: multipart/signed; micalg=pgp-sha256; protocol="application/pgp-signature"; boundary="------------0aYfHj9Ik7Y3OS7hfAD63vvr" Message-ID-Hash: S3J4F62RDZ6BRNBV4ANUHGEZWWYN2CUN X-Message-ID-Hash: S3J4F62RDZ6BRNBV4ANUHGEZWWYN2CUN X-MailFrom: demiobenour@gmail.com X-Mailman-Rule-Misses: dmarc-mitigation; no-senders; approved; emergency; loop; banned-address; member-moderation; header-match-devel.spectrum-os.org-0; header-match-devel.spectrum-os.org-1; header-match-devel.spectrum-os.org-2; header-match-devel.spectrum-os.org-3; header-match-devel.spectrum-os.org-4; nonmember-moderation; administrivia; implicit-dest; max-recipients; max-size; news-moderation; no-subject; digests; suspicious-header CC: Alyssa Ross X-Mailman-Version: 3.3.9 Precedence: list List-Id: Patches and low-level development discussion Archived-At: List-Archive: List-Help: List-Owner: List-Post: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: This is an OpenPGP/MIME signed message (RFC 4880 and 3156) --------------0aYfHj9Ik7Y3OS7hfAD63vvr Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="------------86nRl0PfBY1V1f0itTvKDz1G"; protected-headers="v1" From: Demi Marie Obenour To: devel@spectrum-os.org Cc: Alyssa Ross Message-ID: Subject: Camera virtualization in Spectrum --------------86nRl0PfBY1V1f0itTvKDz1G Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="------------YQb42fhCRs7KJtvcWHLtV1Q7" --------------YQb42fhCRs7KJtvcWHLtV1Q7 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Alyssa and I discussed several designs for camera support in Spectrum. These included: - USB passthrough - virtio-media - v4l2loopback and a guest agent A custom PipeWire plugin in the guest is also an option. USB passthrough has serious security problems: the guest can perform actions like updating device firmware, and the guest also fully trusts the device. This means that it is only suitable for trusted guests operating on trusted devices, which is less than great. v4l2loopback is an ugly hack and neither Alyssa or I like it, so I don=E2=80=99t think it is going to be the approach taken. It has the adv= antage of being fairly easy to implement and not requiring any device emulation,= which is why Qubes OS went this route, but Spectrum has infrastructure for implementing complex virtio devices in a reasonably secure way, thanks to using Rust rather than C for this. This leaves virtio-media and a fully custom solution based on PipeWire. During the discussion, the possibility of hardening virtio-media against a malicious device was considered. After the call, however, I found out that while hardening the kernel side is definitely possible, it is also insufficient. The reason is that virtio-media, as currently implemented,= appears to be effectively V4L2 API passthrough, which would mean that the= device can respond to V4L2 IOCTLs however it wants. Guest userspace will= almost certainly treat V4L2 IOCTL outputs as trusted, so hardening the guest kernel would be of only limited value. Adding validation in the guest kernel driver would be an option, but it would add substantial complexity. Instead, I think it is necessary to add a media server. This server would expose a virtio-media output device to the VM with the camera, and would expose a virtio-media capture device to all VMs on the system, not just those authorized to receive video. This is because camera hotplug is not properly handled by at least Google Chrome, so I expect other applications to also mishandle it. Instead, a VM that does not have camera permission can be given a camera that always records black, as if the user had covered the camera. PipeWire is the only existing implementation of a media server I know of that allows custom media devices to be implemented out-of-process, so it is the best choice I know of. PipeWire is also considered the future by the entire Linux desktop community. One other factor that I did not consider at all during the discussion is the need to implement the XDG microphone and camera portals. These portals are based on PipeWire, and PipeWire cannot be directly used across VMs. This is partially because of security, but it is also because PipeWire relies on SCM_RIGHTS file descriptor passing, eventfds, and other Linux kernel APIs that do not work across the VM boundary. Therefore, it is necessary to either run PipeWire in the guest, or run a daemon in the guest that exposes the same interface PipeWire does. All portals supported in Spectrum that prompt the user require a Spectrum-specific implementation so that the prompt happens on the host. Are there any better options? This is *an* approach, which does not mean it is *the best* approach. --=20 Sincerely, Demi Marie Obenour (she/her/hers) --------------YQb42fhCRs7KJtvcWHLtV1Q7 Content-Type: application/pgp-keys; name="OpenPGP_0xB288B55FFF9C22C1.asc" Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="OpenPGP_0xB288B55FFF9C22C1.asc" Content-Description: OpenPGP public key Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable -----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK----- xsFNBFp+A0oBEADffj6anl9/BHhUSxGTICeVl2tob7hPDdhHNgPR4C8xlYt5q49y B+l2nipdaq+4Gk6FZfqC825TKl7eRpUjMriwle4r3R0ydSIGcy4M6eb0IcxmuPYf bWpr/si88QKgyGSVZ7GeNW1UnzTdhYHuFlk8dBSmB1fzhEYEk0RcJqg4AKoq6/3/ UorR+FaSuVwT7rqzGrTlscnTDlPWgRzrQ3jssesI7sZLm82E3pJSgaUoCdCOlL7M MPCJwI8JpPlBedRpe9tfVyfu3euTPLPxwcV3L/cfWPGSL4PofBtB8NUU6QwYiQ9H zx4xOyn67zW73/G0Q2vPPRst8LBDqlxLjbtx/WLR6h3nBc3eyuZ+q62HS1pJ5EvU T1vjyJ1ySrqtUXWQ4XlZyoEFUfpJxJoN0A9HCxmHGVckzTRl5FMWo8TCniHynNXs BtDQbabt7aNEOaAJdE7to0AH3T/Bvwzcp0ZJtBk0EM6YeMLtotUut7h2Bkg1b//r 6bTBswMBXVJ5H44Qf0+eKeUg7whSC9qpYOzzrm7+0r9F5u3qF8ZTx55TJc2g656C 9a1P1MYVysLvkLvS4H+crmxA/i08Tc1h+x9RRvqba4lSzZ6/Tmt60DPM5Sc4R0nS m9BBff0Nm0bSNRS8InXdO1Aq3362QKX2NOwcL5YaStwODNyZUqF7izjK4QARAQAB zTxEZW1pIE9iZW5vdXIgKElUTCBFbWFpbCBLZXkpIDxhdGhlbmFAaW52aXNpYmxl dGhpbmdzbGFiLmNvbT7CwY4EEwEIADgWIQR2h02fEza6IlkHHHGyiLVf/5wiwQUC X6YJvQIbAwULCQgHAgYVCgkICwIEFgIDAQIeAQIXgAAKCRCyiLVf/5wiwWRhD/0Y R+YYC5Kduv/2LBgQJIygMsFiRHbR4+tWXuTFqgrxxFSlMktZ6gQrQCWe38WnOXkB oY6n/5lSJdfnuGd2UagZ/9dkaGMUkqt+5WshLFly4BnP7pSsWReKgMP7etRTwn3S zk1OwFx2lzY1EnnconPLfPBc6rWG2moA6l0WX+3WNR1B1ndqpl2hPSjT2jUCBWDV rGOUSX7r5f1WgtBeNYnEXPBCUUM51pFGESmfHIXQrqFDA7nBNiIVFDJTmQzuEqIy Jl67pKNgooij5mKzRhFKHfjLRAH4mmWZlB9UjDStAfFBAoDFHwd1HL5VQCNQdqEc /9lZDApqWuCPadZN+pGouqLysesIYsNxUhJ7dtWOWHl0vs7/3qkWmWun/2uOJMQh ra2u8nA9g91FbOobWqjrDd6x3ZJoGQf4zLqjmn/P514gb697788e573WN/MpQ5XI Fl7aM2d6/GJiq6LC9T2gSUW4rbPBiqOCeiUx7Kd/sVm41p9TOA7fEG4bYddCfDsN xaQJH6VRK3NOuBUGeL+iQEVF5Xs6Yp+U+jwvv2M5Lel3EqAYo5xXTx4ls0xaxDCu fudcAh8CMMqx3fguSb7Mi31WlnZpk0fDuWQVNKyDP7lYpwc4nCCGNKCj622ZSocH AcQmX28L8pJdLYacv9pU3jPy4fHcQYvmTavTqowGnM08RGVtaSBNYXJpZSBPYmVu b3VyIChsb3ZlciBvZiBjb2RpbmcpIDxkZW1pb2Jlbm91ckBnbWFpbC5jb20+wsF4 BBMBAgAiBQJafgNKAhsDBgsJCAcDAgYVCAIJCgsEFgIDAQIeAQIXgAAKCRCyiLVf /5wiwYa/EACv8a2+MMou9cSCNoZBQaU+fTmyzft9hUE+0d5W2UY1RY3OsjFIzm9R /4SVccfsqOYLEo+S0vQMIIIqFEq3FCpXXwPzyimotps05VA8U3Bd7yseojFygOgK sAMOAee2RCaDDOnoJue01dfZMzzHPO/TVdp3OvnpWipfv5G1Xg96rwbhMLE3tg6N xwAHa31Bv4/Xq8CJOoIWvx6fcmZQpz01/lSvsYn0KrfEbTKkuUf0vM9JrCTCP2oz VNN5BYzqaq2M4r+jmSyeXLim922VOWqGkUEQ85BSEemqrRS06IU6NtEMsF8EWt/b hWjk/9GDKTcnpdJHTrMxTspExBiNrvpI2t+YPU5B/dJJAUxvmhFrbSIbdB8umBZs I3AMYrEmpAbh5x7jEjoskUC7uN3o9vpg1oCLS2ePDLtAtyBtbHnkA4xGD7ar8mem xpH9lY/i+sC6CyyIUWcUDnnagKyJP0m9ks0GLsTeOCA0bft2XA6rD6aaCnMUsndT ctrab42CV5XypjmC4U1rPJ8JQJUh1/3P48/8sMH+3krxpJ06KNWNFaUbaMTGiltZ 7x9DngklSYrX0T+2G4kVXNmjaljwkoLahwLla2gUWwBSyofXdqyhQdwZsp01KXNQ UCyT/Pg+aDcm/E7OMV3d4lf7g/CSxiX2GSEe6BlhSz+Lmd7ZJ3g32M1ARGVtaSBN YXJpZSBPYmVub3VyIChJVEwgRW1haWwgS2V5KSA8ZGVtaUBpbnZpc2libGV0aGlu Z3NsYWIuY29tPsLBjgQTAQgAOBYhBHaHTZ8TNroiWQcccbKItV//nCLBBQJgOEV+ AhsDBQsJCAcCBhUKCQgLAgQWAgMBAh4BAheAAAoJELKItV//nCLBKwoP/1WSnFdv SAD0g7fD0WlF+oi7ISFT7oqJnchFLOwVHK4Jg0e4hGn1ekWsF3Ha5tFLh4V/7UUu obYJpTfBAA2CckspYBqLtKGjFxcaqjjpO1I2W/jeNELVtSYuCOZICjdNGw2Hl9yH KRZiBkqc9u8lQcHDZKq4LIpVJj6ZQV/nxttDX90ax2No1nLLQXFbr5wb465LAPpU lXwunYDij7xJGye+VUASQh9datye6orZYuJvNo8Tr3mAQxxkfR46LzWgxFCPEAZJ 5P56Nc0IMHdJZj0Uc9+1jxERhOGppp5jlLgYGK7faGB/jTV6LaRQ4Ad+xiqokDWp mUOZsmA+bMbtPfYjDZBz5mlyHcIRKIFpE1l3Y8F7PhJuzzMUKkJi90CYakCV4x/a Zs4pzk5E96c2VQx01RIEJ7fzHF7lwFdtfTS4YsLtAbQFsKayqwkGcVv2B1AHeqdo TMX+cgDvjd1ZganGlWA8Sv9RkNSMchn1hMuTwERTyFTr2dKPnQdA1F480+jUap41 ClXgn227WkCIMrNhQGNyJsnwyzi5wS8rBVRQ3BOTMyvGM07j3axUOYaejEpg7wKi wTPZGLGH1sz5GljD/916v5+v2xLbOo5606j9dWf5/tAhbPuqrQgWv41wuKDi+dDD EKkODF7DHes8No+QcHTDyETMn1RYm7t0RKR4zsFNBFp+A0oBEAC9ynZI9LU+uJkM eEJeJyQ/8VFkCJQPQZEsIGzOTlPnwvVna0AS86n2Z+rK7R/usYs5iJCZ55/JISWd 8xD57ue0eB47bcJvVqGlObI2DEG8TwaW0O0duRhDgzMEL4t1KdRAepIESBEA/iPp I4gfUbVEIEQuqdqQyO4GAe+MkD0Hy5JH/0qgFmbaSegNTdQg5iqYjRZ3ttiswalq l1/iSyv1WYeC1OAs+2BLOAT2NEggSiVOtxEfgewsQtCWi8H1SoirakIfo45Hz0tk /Ad9ZWh2PvOGt97Ka85o4TLJxgJJqGEnqcFUZnJJriwoaRIS8N2C8/nEM53jb1sH 0gYddMU3QxY7dYNLIUrRKQeNkF30dK7V6JRH7pleRlf+wQcNfRAIUrNlatj9Txwi vQrKnC9aIFFHEy/0mAgtrQShcMRmMgVlRoOA5B8RTulRLCmkafvwuhs6dCxN0GNA ORIVVFxjx9Vn7OqYPgwiofZ6SbEl0hgPyWBQvE85klFLZLoj7p+joDY1XNQztmfA rnJ9x+YV4igjWImINAZSlmEcYtd+xy3Li/8oeYDAqrsnrOjb+WvGhCykJk4urBog 2LNtcyCjkTs7F+WeXGUo0NDhbd3Z6AyFfqeF7uJ3D5hlpX2nI9no/ugPrrTVoVZA grrnNz0iZG2DVx46x913pVKHl5mlYQARAQABwsFfBBgBAgAJBQJafgNKAhsMAAoJ ELKItV//nCLBwNIP/AiIHE8boIqReFQyaMzxq6lE4YZCZNj65B/nkDOvodSiwfwj jVVE2V3iEzxMHbgyTCGA67+Bo/d5aQGjgn0TPtsGzelyQHipaUzEyrsceUGWYoKX YyVWKEfyh0cDfnd9diAm3VeNqchtcMpoehETH8frRHnJdBcjf112PzQSdKC6kqU0 Q196c4Vp5HDOQfNiDnTf7gZSj0BraHOByy9LEDCLhQiCmr+2E0rW4tBtDAn2HkT9 uf32ZGqJCn1O+2uVfFhGu6vPE5qkqrbSE8TG+03H8ecU2q50zgHWPdHMOBvy3Ehz fAh2VmOSTcRK+tSUe/u3wdLRDPwv/DTzGI36Kgky9MsDC5gpIwNbOJP2G/q1wT1o Gkw4IXfWv2ufWiXqJ+k7HEi2N1sree7Dy9KBCqb+ca1vFhYPDJfhP75I/VnzHVss Z/rYZ9+51yDoUABoNdJNSGUYl+Yh9Pw9pE3Kt4EFzUlFZWbE4xKL/NPno+z4J9aW emLLszcYz/u3XnbOvUSQHSrmfOzX3cV4yfmjM5lewgSstoxGyTx2M8enslgdXhPt hZlDnTnOT+C+OTsh8+m5tos8HQjaPM01MKBiAqdPgksm1wu2DrrwUi6ChRVTUBcj 6+/9IJ81H2P2gJk3Ls3AVIxIffLoY34E+MYSfkEjBz0E8CLOcAw7JIwAaeBTzsFN BGbyLVgBEACqClxh50hmBepTSVlan6EBq3OAoxhrAhWZYEwN78k+ENhK68KhqC5R IsHzlL7QHW1gmfVBQZ63GnWiraM6wOJqFTL4ZWvRslga9u28FJ5XyK860mZLgYhK 9BzoUk4s+dat9jVUbq6LpQ1Ot5I9vrdzo2p1jtQ8h9WCIiFxSYy8s8pZ3hHh5T64 GIj1m/kY7lG3VIdUgoNiREGf/iOMjUFjwwE9ZoJ26j9p7p1U+TkKeF6wgswEB1T3 J8KCAtvmRtqJDq558IU5jhg5fgN+xHB8cgvUWulgK9FIF9oFxcuxtaf/juhHWKMO RtL0bHfNdXoBdpUDZE+mLBUAxF6KSsRrvx6AQyJs7VjgXJDtQVWvH0PUmTrEswgb 49nNU+dLLZQAZagxqnZ9Dp5l6GqaGZCHERJcLmdY/EmMzSf5YazJ6c0vO8rdW27M kn73qcWAplQn5mOXaqbfzWkAUPyUXppuRHfrjxTDz3GyJJVOeMmMrTxH4uCaGpOX Z8tN6829J1roGw4oKDRUQsaBAeEDqizXMPRc+6U9vI5FXzbAsb+8lKW65G7JWHym YPOGUt2hK4DdTA1PmVo0DxH00eWWeKxqvmGyX+Dhcg+5e191rPsMRGsDlH6KihI6 +3JIuc0y6ngdjcp6aalbuvPIGFrCRx3tnRtNc7He6cBWQoH9RPwluwARAQABwsOs BBgBCgAgFiEEdodNnxM2uiJZBxxxsoi1X/+cIsEFAmbyLVgCGwICQAkQsoi1X/+c IsHBdCAEGQEKAB0WIQSilC2pUlbVp66j3+yzNoc6synyUwUCZvItWAAKCRCzNoc6 synyU85gD/0T1QDtPhovkGwoqv4jUbEMMvpeYQf+oWgm/TjWPeLwdjl7AtY0G9Ml ZoyGniYkoHi37Gnn/ShLT3B5vtyI58ap2+SSa8SnGftdAKRLiWFWCiAEklm9FRk8 N3hwxhmSFF1KR/AIDS4g+HIsZn7YEMubBSgLlZZ9zHl4O4vwuXlREBEW97iL/FSt VownU2V39t7PtFvGZNk+DJH7eLO3jmNRYB0PL4JOyyda3NH/J92iwrFmjFWWmmWb /Xz8l9DIs+Z59pRCVTTwbBEZhcUc7rVMCcIYL+q1WxBG2e6lMn15OQJ5WfiE6E0I sGirAEDnXWx92JNGx5l+mMpdpsWhBZ5iGTtttZesibNkQfd48/eCgFi4cxJUC4PT UQwfD9AMgzwSTGJrkI5XGy+XqxwOjL8UA0iIrtTpMh49zw46uV6kwFQCgkf32jZM OLwLTNSzclbnA7GRd8tKwezQ/XqeK3dal2n+cOr+o+Eka7yGmGWNUqFbIe8cjj9T JeF3mgOCmZOwMI+wIcQYRSf+e5VTMO6TNWH5BI3vqeHSt7HkYuPlHT0pGum88d4a pWqhulH4rUhEMtirX1hYx8Q4HlUOQqLtxzmwOYWkhl1C+yPObAvUDNiHCLf9w28n uihgEkzHt9J4VKYulyJM9fe3ENcyU6rpXD7iANQqcr87ogKXFxknZ97uEACvSucc RbnnAgRqZ7GDzgoBerJ2zrmhLkeREZ08iz1zze1JgyW3HEwdr2UbyAuqvSADCSUU GN0vtQHsPzWl8onRc7lOPqPDF8OO+UfN9NAfA4wl3QyChD1GXl9rwKQOkbvdlYFV UFx9u86LNi4ssTmU8p9NtHIGpz1SYMVYNoYy9NU7EVqypGMguDCL7gJt6GUmA0sw p+YCroXiwL2BJ7RwRqTpgQuFL1gShkA17D5jK4mDPEetq1d8kz9rQYvAR/sTKBsR ImC3xSfn8zpWoNTTB6lnwyP5Ng1bu6esS7+SpYprFTe7ZqGZF6xhvBPf1Ldi9UAm U2xPN1/eeWxEa2kusidmFKPmN8lcT4miiAvwGxEnY7Oww9CgZlUB+LP4dl5VPjEt sFeAhrgxLdpVTjPRRwTd9VQF3/XYl83j5wySIQKIPXgT3sG3ngAhDhC8I8GpM36r 8WJJ3x2yVzyJUbBPO0GBhWE2xPNIfhxVoU4cGGhpFqz7dPKSTRDGq++MrFgKKGpI ZwT3CPTSSKc7ySndEXWkOYArDIdtyxdE1p5/c3aoz4utzUU7NDHQ+vVIwlnZSMiZ jek2IJP3SZ+COOIHCVxpUaZ4lnzWT4eDqABhMLpIzw6NmGfg+kLBJhouqz81WITr EtJuZYM5blWncBOJCoWMnBEcTEo/viU3GgcVRw=3D=3D =3Dx94R -----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK----- --------------YQb42fhCRs7KJtvcWHLtV1Q7-- --------------86nRl0PfBY1V1f0itTvKDz1G-- --------------0aYfHj9Ik7Y3OS7hfAD63vvr Content-Type: application/pgp-signature; name="OpenPGP_signature.asc" Content-Description: OpenPGP digital signature Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="OpenPGP_signature.asc" -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- iQIzBAEBCAAdFiEEopQtqVJW1aeuo9/sszaHOrMp8lMFAmg/v7MACgkQszaHOrMp 8lNuJQ//fhuD0ZrNnBFFDgwpvWkWjxp0iQCuWJfqE7j3mEiByAYpKhAsivOTHw31 9brqVKhPqKsShgU0oJXVehd2YujS+rMdrE78sN27tsd+dpSJXS3691d6EswdDyid XsfNU5QvuZg8/5kxuZAISZJ4GnYqYubgJudQAkZAUpiK960MHLTXGzw+npvfcvS2 VCdDj60o1zCCrP9ABjJ66dA9jxKQlJiS/4ClfO7BfALuPYH7XkxJI4zfmtHEmdXm oPdWpomFOahtP05dDKzpQx1nq15giSfShOuRm+BQvVkOFtUSJ7bzL8E6+QsI7ipZ 5dnubsLIK30zLEnvmSYRV+r/PXBvTuYAjF8VrwO4OM8I2XX10pS0X01U5CX+jsVA WbOV1k125YmLeHBiJAJ/FcYTFgoqVX+/bkYxiy37WKDJTqz9ag0/9wIHj7ySElto v8PC4uqXLktXtipz67v2KVZ4Y28GcY8hBmLhydODpMw2l0/2br0UKM44yOdUUuZa ycWzvInObznOHM33aGx5gtKJq1zKg6ZmUDQUIyK4lBi5eZGnrO9nLlRHHSsQ2/ce 8qx6IEgMUKGUJGP4NDnR0wQLhVLbGAlJFmQtg9e9Pu0bYNVgMnKEencBpoeexzG2 z2oHmhbl12Munihvea67+SD0AE0X84/HIR3/3R9qiDVCWCeHb78= =Fzg/ -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- --------------0aYfHj9Ik7Y3OS7hfAD63vvr--